Let me tell you this...
If your potentiometer has end limits and you are using gears, if you reach the end limits of the pot, you will either break the gear teeth if they are plastic or the potentiometer...
The pulley belt will most likely slip and won't damage the potentiometer, unless again you are using timing belt with "teeth" on the pulleys...
I used simple pulley with no teeth that can "slip" under lock situations, since the 10-turn potentiometer I use HAS end stop limits.
However I might use timing belt with the quadrature encoder that does not have any stop limits.
Thanos